Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

What is Total Knee Replacement?

Total Knee Replacement (TKR), also known as Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), is a highly effective surgical procedure designed to relieve pain and restore function in patients with severe knee arthritis or significant joint damage. It involves replacing the damaged knee joint with a prosthetic implant, which mimics the natural movement of the knee.

When is Total Knee Replacement Recommended?

Patients who experience the following conditions may be candidates for Total Knee Replacement:

• Advanced osteoarthritis causing severe pain and stiffness
• Rheumatoid arthritis leading to joint destruction
• Post-traumatic arthritis resulting from knee injuries
• Knee deformities such as bow-legged or knock-kneed alignment
• Severe loss of cartilage limiting mobility and daily activities

The Total Knee Replacement Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. Preoperative Planning: Comprehensive evaluation, including X-rays and 3D imaging, to determine implant size and alignment.
2. Anaesthesia: Spinal or general anaesthesia is administered for patient comfort.
3. Bone Preparation: The damaged cartilage and bone are removed from the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and patella (kneecap).
4. Implant Placement: Prosthetic components made of metal alloys and medical-grade polyethylene are positioned to recreate the natural knee joint.
5. Alignment & Balancing: Advanced techniques such as robotic-assisted navigation or patient-specific instruments ensure precise alignment.
6. Closure & Recovery: The incision is closed, and the patient is made to stand and walk within 24 hours of the procedure.

Advanced Techniques in TKR

• Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS): Reduces tissue damage, promotes faster recovery.
• Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement: Enhances accuracy and longevity of the implant.
• Custom Implants: Personalized solutions for optimal fit and comfort.

Recovery & Rehabilitation

Postoperative rehabilitation is crucial for successful recovery. Patients typically follow a structured physiotherapy program focusing on:

• Pain management and swelling reduction
• Weight-bearing and mobility exercises
• Strengthening of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles
• Full return to daily activities within 3 to 4 weeks.